Association between intimate partner violence against women and chronic malnutrition among children under 5 years of age: Analysis of the 2020 Demographic and Family Health Survey in Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2022.154.1396Keywords:
Domestic Violence, Violence Against Women, Malnutrition, Child, PeruAbstract
Introduction: The association between intimate intimate partner violence against women and chronic malnutrition in children has not been clearly established. Many conceptual frameworks of child malnutrition do not considered domestic violence as a determinant. Objective: To evaluate the association between intimate intimate partner violence against women and chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years of age. Methods: We conducted a study of secondary data based on the Demographic and Family Health Survey 2020 of Peru. We estimated the odds ratio crude and adjusted with a binary logistic regression that considered as exposure to intimate intimate partner violence and dependent variable to chronic malnutrition, also we included 16 covariates of interest selected from the relevant literature. Results: We included data from 8980 women and their children. The chronic malnutrition prevalence in children under 5 months of age was 10.7% (95% CI 9.8 to 11.7). We found no association between chronic malnutrition in children and emotional violence (aOR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.72 to 1.32), severe physical violence (aOR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.68), and sexual (aOR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.77) against mothers. Conclusions: These results add to the evidence that supports the absence of association between the three types of intimate partner violence as risk factors of chronic malnutrition in children under 5 years of age and highlight the importance of other variables such as the mother's educational level.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Perú. Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar ENDES 2020. [Internet]. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática; 2021 [citado el 15 de febrero de 2022] Disponible en: https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/endes/2020/INFORME_PRINCIPAL_2020/INFORME_PRINCIPAL_ENDES_2020.pdf
Vaivada T, Akseer N, Akseer S, Somaskandan A, Stefopulos M, Bhutta ZA. Stunting in childhood: an overview of global burden, trends, determinants, and drivers of decline. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112(Suppl 2):777S-791S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa159
Huicho L, Vidal-Cárdenas E, Akseer N, Brar S, Conway K, Islam M, et al. Drivers of stunting reduction in Peru: a country case study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Sep 14;112(Suppl 2):816S-829S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa164.
Stewart CP, Iannotti L, Dewey KG, Michaelsen KF, Onyango AW. Contextualising complementary feeding in a broader framework for stunting prevention: Complementary feeding in stunting prevention. Matern Child Nutr. 2013;9:27–45. doi:10.1111/mcn.12088
World Health Organization. Addressing violence against women in health and multisectoral policies: a global status report [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021 [citado el 15 de febrero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/350245
Decreto Supremo que aprueba el “Plan Nacional Contra la Violencia de Género 2016-2021”. Decreto Supremo No 008-2016-MIMP. Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables [Internet] [citado el 15 de febrero de 2022] Disponible en: https://www.mimp.gob.pe/files/programas_nacionales/pncvfs/procesos/DS-008-2016-mimp-PlanNacionalContraVioleciaGenero.pdf
Perú. Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar - ENDES 2018. [Internet]. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática; 2019 [citado el 17 de febrero de 2022] Disponible en: https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/endes/2018/INFORME_PRINCIPAL_2018/INFORME_PRINCIPAL_ENDES_2018.pdf
Bott S, Guedes A, Ruiz-Celis AP, Mendoza JA. La violencia por parte de la pareja íntima en las Américas: una revisión sistemática y reanálisis de las estimaciones nacionales de prevalencia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2021;45:e34. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2021.34.
Rahman M, Poudel KC, Yasuoka J, Otsuka K, Yoshikawa K, Jimba M. Maternal Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and the Risk of Undernutrition Among Children Younger Than 5 Years in Bangladesh. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(7):1336–45. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300396
Rico E, Fenn B, Abramsky T, Watts C. Associations between maternal experiences of intimate partner violence and child nutrition and mortality: findings from Demographic and Health Surveys in Egypt, Honduras, Kenya, Malawi and Rwanda. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65(4):360-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.081810.
Chai J, Fink G, Kaaya S, Danaei G, Fawzi W, Ezzati M, et al. Association between intimate partner violence and poor child growth: results from 42 demographic and health surveys. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94(5):331–9. doi:10.2471/BLT.15.152462
Ruiz-Grosso P, Loret de Mola C, Miranda JJ. Asociación entre violencia contra la mujer ejercida por la pareja y desnutrición crónica en sus hijos menores de cinco años en Perú. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2014;31(1):16-23. doi:10.17843/rpmesp.2014.311.3
Decreto Supremo que declara Estado de Emergencia Nacional por las graves circunstancias que afectan la vida de la Nación a consecuencia del brote del COVID-19. Decreto Supremo N°044-2020-PCM. [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 17 de febrero de 2022] Disponible en: https://cdn.www.gob.pe/uploads/document/file/566448/DS044-PCM_1864948-2.pdf
Agüero JM. COVID-19 and the rise of intimate partner violence. World Development. 2021;137:105217. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105217
Observatorio Nacional de la Violencia Contra las Mujeres y los Integrantes del Grupo Familiar. Ministerio de la Mujer y Poblaciones Vulnerables. Lima, Perú. [Internet] [citado el 16 de febrero de 2022] Disponible en: https://observatorioviolencia.pe/datos-inei-2017-2/
Elghossain T, Bott S, Akik C, Obermeyer CM. Prevalence of intimate partner violence against women in the Arab world: a systematic review. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2019;19(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12914-019-0215-5
La Medición de la talla y el peso. Guía para el personal de la salud del primer nivel de atención. Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición. [Internet]. Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud; 2004 [citado el 17 de febrero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://bvs.ins.gob.pe/insprint/CENAN/medicion_talla_peso.pdf
Perú. Encuesta Demografica y de Salud Familiar 2020. Sistema de Documentación Virtual de Investigaciones Estadísticas. Recolección de Datos. [Internet]. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informática; 2021 [citado el 21 de febrero de 2022]. Disponible en: http://webinei.inei.gob.pe/anda_inei/index.php/catalog/718#page=data_collection&tab=related-materials
World Health Organization. (2006). WHO child growth standards : length/height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight -for-height and body mass index-for-age : methods and development. World Health Organization. [citado el 17 de febrero de 2022]. Disponible en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43413
Tun T, Ostergren P-O. Spousal violence against women and its association with sociodemographic factors and husbands’ controlling behaviour: the findings of Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016). Glob Health Action. 2020;13(1):1844975. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1844975.
Chowdhury MRK, Khan HTA, Mondal MdNI, Kabir R. Socio-demographic risk factors for severe malnutrition in children aged under five among various birth cohorts in Bangladesh. J Biosoc Sci. 2021;53(4):590–605. doi:10.1017/S0021932020000425
Midi H, Sarkar SK, Rana S. Collinearity diagnostics of binary logistic regression model. J. Interdiscip. Math. 2010;13(3):253–67. doi:10.1080/09720502.2010.10700699
Chan YH. Biostatistics 202: logistic regression analysis. Singapore Med J. 2004;45(4):149-53. PMID: 15094982.
Ziaei S, Naved RT, Ekström E-C. Women’s exposure to intimate partner violence and child malnutrition: findings from demographic and health surveys in Bangladesh: Intimate partner violence & child malnutrition. Matern Child Nutr. 2014;10(3):347-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00432.x.
Ackerson LK, Subramanian SV. Domestic Violence and Chronic Malnutrition among Women and Children in India. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 May 15;167(10):1188-96. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn049.
Sobkoviak RM, Yount KM, Halim N. Domestic violence and child nutrition in Liberia. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74(2):103-11. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.024.
Gomez-Casillas A, Lozano M, Rentería E. Expected years lived with intimate partner violence: a new approach for public health. Glob Health Action. 2021;14(1):1976442. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1976442.
MAL-ED Network Investigators. Childhood stunting in relation to the pre- and postnatal environment during the first 2 years of life: The MAL-ED longitudinal birth cohort study. Persson LÅ, editor. PLoS Med. 2017;14(10):e1002408. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002408
Bhutta ZA, Akseer N, Keats EC, Vaivada T, Baker S, Horton SE, et al. How countries can reduce child stunting at scale: lessons from exemplar countries. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;112(Suppl 2):894S-904S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa153.
Yount KM, DiGirolamo AM, Ramakrishnan U. Impacts of domestic violence on child growth and nutrition: A conceptual review of the pathways of influence. Soc Sci Med. 2011;72(9):1534-54. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.042.
Akombi BJ, Agho KE, Hall JJ, Merom D, Astell-Burt T, Renzaho AMN. Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):15. doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0770-z
Akombi B, Agho K, Hall J, Wali N, Renzaho A, Merom D. Stunting, Wasting and Underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(8):863. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080863.
Ferreira H da S, Albuquerque GT, Santos TR dos, Barbosa R de L, Cavalcante AL, Duarte LEC, et al. Stunting and overweight among children in Northeast Brazil: prevalence, trends (1992-2005-2015) and associated risk factors from repeated cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):736. doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08869-1
Khan S, Zaheer S, Safdar NF. Determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting among children < 5 years of age: evidence from 2012-2013 Pakistan demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):358. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6688-2
Argaw A, Hanley-Cook G, De Cock N, Kolsteren P, Huybregts L, Lachat C. Drivers of Under-Five Stunting Trend in 14 Low- and Middle-Income Countries since the Turn of the Millennium: A Multilevel Pooled Analysis of 50 Demographic and Health Surveys. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2485. doi:10.3390/nu11102485
Barnett W, Nhapi R, Zar HJ, Halligan SL, Pellowski J, Donald KA, et al. Intimate partner violence and growth outcomes through infancy: A longitudinal investigation of multiple mediators in a South African birth cohort. Matern Child Nutr. 2022;18(1):e13281. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13281.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Joaquín Arascue , Almendra Oyola , Daniela Chapilliquen, Daphne Villanueva , Ever Zapata , Franco Romaní-Romaní
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
