Fisiología de altura. ¿Afecta la altura a la homeostasis?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2023.164.1866Palabras clave:
altitud, fisiología, homeostasis, mal de alturaResumen
En el mundo, existen miles de personas que viven en ciudades de altura. Esta, genera una reducción de la presión de oxígeno atmosférico e hipoxia hipobárica, ocasionando múltiples cambios en los sistemas fisiológicos. Se ha estudiado bastante, el efecto de la altitud en la función pulmonar, cardíaca y hematológica, durante la exposición aguda o crónica, ocasionando aumento de la ventilación pulmonar, variabilidad en la presión arterial y policitemia. A nivel renal, ocasiona disminución de la tasa de filtración glomerular, que puede desencadenar enfermedad renal crónica. De igual forma, existen cambios en el eje endocrinológico–reproductor, en la función cerebral e incluso gastrointestinal. La mala–adaptación de estos sistemas genera patologías como el mal de montaña agudo y crónico, el edema pulmonar y edema cerebral de altura. En esta revisión se presenta una descripción de los principales cambios vistos en los sistemas fisiológicos tras la exposición a la altura.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Cristhian Adolfo Vizcarra–Vizcarra, Elsa Carolina Pérez–Quispe, Luana Edelmira Pilco–Prado, José Armando Quispe–Ramos, Miguel Ángel Monzón–Gonzáles, Gianmarco Alejandro Ramos–Paredes
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
