Transmisión domiciliaria de SARS-CoV-2: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2023.161.1700Palabras clave:
COVID-19, Transmisión, Vivienda, Revisión Sistemática, MetaanálisisResumen
Introducción: Las políticas de salud pública para la disminución de la incidencia, transmisión y mortalidad de la COVID-19 se enfocan en medidas extradomiciliarias y descuidan el contagio dentro del hogar. El objetivo fue estimar la tasa de ataque secundario domiciliario de SARS-CoV-2. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales que evaluaron la transmisión domiciliaria de SARS-CoV-2 publicados entre diciembre de 2019 y el 1 setiembre de 2021 en las bases de datos Medline, Scopus, LILACS y Google Scholar. La definición de contacto domiciliario se refirió a toda persona que habitaba la misma vivienda que el paciente índice. El riesgo de sesgo fue evaluado con una versión modificada de la escala Newcastle-Ottawa. Se realizó un metaanálisis con un modelo de efectos aleatorios para calcular la tasa de ataque domiciliaria, subanálisis con variables sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y comorbilidades, así como metaregresión. Resultados: De 4491 estudios encontrados, 44 fueron incluidos en el análisis. La tasa de ataque secundario domiciliario general fue de 27.7% (IC95%: 23% - 32.7%). Además, fue mayor cuando el caso índice era sintomático (28.3%, IC95%: 8.1% - 54.7%) o el contacto era adulto mayor (42.3%, IC95%: 32% - 52.9%). Asimismo, la tasa fue mayor cuando los contactos domiciliarios presentaban diabetes mellitus (57.4%, IC95%: 45.2% - 69.3%) e hipertensión arterial (51.1%, IC95%: 38% - 64.1%). Conclusiones: La tasa de ataque secundario domiciliario de SARS-CoV-2 fue de 27.7%, siendo mayor al tener un caso índice adulto, contacto adulto mayor y contacto con diabetes mellitus o hipertensión arterial.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Cristhian Rojas-Miliano, Jhonatan R Mejia, Lizet Garay-Rios, Angie M. Zárate-Vargas, Vanessa Alvarez-Cajachagua, Joshi Acosta-Barriga
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
