Hematocrito y creatinina como predictores de mortalidad en pacientes críticamente enfermos: un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2026.191.2968Palabras clave:
Mortalidad, Hematocrito, Creatinina, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Estudios de CohortesResumen
Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar si los niveles de hematocrito y creatinina al ingreso son predictores independientes de mortalidad en pacientes críticamente enfermos admitidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI).
Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación local. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que incluyó a 158 pacientes admitidos en la UCI entre 2021 y 2023. Se recopilaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio. Se utilizó la regresión de riesgos proporcionales de Cox para identificar predictores independientes de mortalidad intrahospitalaria.
Resultados: La mortalidad fue del 38,6%. La causa más frecuente de ingreso fue la insuficiencia respiratoria (34,8%) y el 60,8% de los pacientes eran hombres. La hipertensión arterial (44,9%) y la diabetes mellitus (29,8%) fueron las comorbilidades más comunes. Un hematocrito ≥ 40% (HRa: 1,87; p = 0,028), creatinina ≥ 1,2 mg/dL (HRa: 1,73; p = 0,039) y una presión arterial media < 65mmHg (HRa: 2,24; p=0.003) se identificaron como predictores significativos de mortalidad. Las puntuaciones APACHE II y SOFA, aunque comúnmente asociadas con el pronóstico, no fueron significativas en esta muestra. En el análisis de discriminación, la creatinina y el hematocrito mostraron una capacidad predictiva moderada para mortalidad, con áreas bajo la curva (AUC) de 0,644 y 0,591, respectivamente.
Conclusión: Los niveles elevados de hematocrito y creatinina al ingreso en la UCI son predictores independientes de mortalidad en pacientes críticamente enfermos. Estos parámetros pueden constituir herramientas accesibles y rentables para la evaluación temprana del riesgo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Rodrigo Flores-Palacios, Rocío Encinas-Llica, Juana Huaycani-Aduviri, Alexis Ramos-Vilca, Andrés Gutierrez-Avila
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
